ࡱ> }fh~N  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|~Root Entryb.@p0T)uPerfectOffice_MAIN&RPerfectOffice_OBJECTS,@$u@$uSummaryInformation( Oh+'Oh+'0 ,04l x  Road to Legal Research in TexasPeggy Martindalel0d:\Corel\Suite8\Programs\Masters\Theme\ROAD.MSTITu45$D:\COREL\SUITE8\PROGRAMS\PRWIN8.EXEXd臟鎤땪웯喙fGqN{V]dlszƉ Αՙݡ'08;FR]hs,5"?) H1 R8 [@dGnOwV^kp v%|*4ʐ>MORTWY[^`chjmorzsy߅9"&u/"Hu/"C , \AZ"Arial WPCR ~ &o1pf%g,BGGGGZ|"XXXX'3XXXX3' >5a'xW w g5 N o j' j D/e'{TgdA!Lm9#'lY(',04VZ7 z;|=O@C'HJM9TVr9YZsp^aVdFfgikTjLknLWPC 1' @ 12  I  .3  TheRoadtoLegalResearch....2  1  .3  BasicInformation'  '2  I  .3  TexasCourtSystem..2  A  .3  LevelsofCourts..2  A  .3  CharacteristicsoftheCourts..2  A  .3  Thevocabularyofthecourts..2  A  .3  Paperworktheyproduce..2  A  .3  -#    -2  I  .3  LevelsofcourtsinTexas ....2  1  .3  Authority:TexasContitutionArticle5,1..2  A  .3  SupremeCourt..2  A  .3  CourtofCriminalAppeals..2  A  .3  AppellateCourts..2  A  .3  TrialCourts1'  12  I  .3  LevelsofCourts....2  1  .3  TrialCourts,"[\ ,2  I  .3  CourtStructureofTexas....2  1  .3  CurrentasofMarch1,2008# !`#2  I  .3  FirstLevelofCourts:TrialCourts,"   ,2  I  .3  JusticeofthePeaceCourts'  '2  I  .3  MunicipalCourts,"@]^ ,2  I  .3  TrialDeNovoAppeals....2  1  .3  AppealsfromInferiorCourts ̀CourtsthatarenotCourtsofRecord,"   ,2  I  .3  CountyLevelCourts'  '2  I  .3  CountyLevelCourts'  '2  I  .3  County-LevelCourts( RQ(2  I  .3  DistrictCourts..2  A  .3  443DistrictCourts..2  A  .3  Jurisdictionincivilactionsover$200or500*,divorce,titletoland,contestedelections..2  A  .3  Felonycriminaljurisdiction..2  A  .3  Juvenilematters..2  A  .3  13DistrictCourtsaredesignatedasCriminalDistrictCourts*$amountisunclearatthistime1'    12  I  .3  TrialCourts-FirstLevelofCourts....2  1  .3  ԀCharacteristics2(  22  I  .3  VocabularyoftheTrialCourts....2  1  .3  TheParties..2  A  .3  Plaintiff/Petitioner/Applicant/Movant-personbringingthecomplaintoractiontocourt-theinjuredparty-askingthecourttodosomething..2  A  .3  Defendant/Respondent-persondenying,defending,orrespondingthecomplaintoraction-theharmingperson-replyingoransweringtherequestaskingthecourttodosome..2  A  .3  Smithv.Jones....2  1  .3  I2r9AArial BoldIxxxSmith(totheleftofthev)isthePlaintiffJones(torightthev)istheDefendantO, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxx'   '2  I  .3  ԀTrialCourts5+ @   52  I  .3  ԀTrialCourts....2  1  .3  Continued-# -2  I  .3  Documentsof̀TrialCourts....2  1  .3  Continued..2  A  .3  Decrees,Orders,Judgements,Writs,andotherdocumentsproducedbyTRIALCOURTSarefoundintheCOURTJACKETSmaintainedbytheCOUNTYandDISTRICTCLERKSinthecountyinwhichthecasewasfiled.#  _#2  I  .3  TheNextLevelofCourtAppellateCourts' !  '2  I  .3  AppellateCourts,"   ,2  I  .3  ....2  1  .3  TexasAppellateCourts,""ab ,2  I  .3  AppellateCourtsinHouston....2  1  .3  1stCourtofAppeals'cd '2  I  .3  AppellateCourtsinHouston....2  1  .3  14thCourtofAppeals1' '(  12  I  .3  TexasAppellateCourts....2  1  .3  WhatTheyDoNotDo( 0"(2  I  .3  ..2  A  .3  Partiessubmitbriefsorwrittenarguments..2  A  .3  ThepartiesarenowcalledAPPELLANT(theoneunhappywiththetrialcourtruling)andAPPELLEE(theonedefendingthetrialcourtjudgment)..2  A  .3  Theappellantsbriefwillarguewhatthetrialcourtactedimproperly(errorsmade-citingtolegalprecedent)..2  A  .3  Theappelleesbriefwillarguethatthetrialcourtactedproperlyoriftheydidactinerrorthatitwasnotharmful(noerrorortheerrordidnotmatter-citingtolegalprecedent)( 0&(2  I  .3  ..2  A  .3  Thejusticesofthecourt(atleast3&theirstaff)willreadthebriefssubmitted..2  A  .3  TheycanhearORALARGUMENTS..2  A  .3  Theywillreviewthearguments..2  A  .3  Theywillissueajudicialopinionstatingtheconclusionofthecourtandtheirreasoningforit(citinglegalprecedent)..2  A  .3  Theycanaffirm,reverse,remand,orvacatethelowercourtjudgmentoracombinationall.Theycanevenrendertheirowndecisionbasedontherecord..2  A  .3  Theopinion,ifpublishedbecomesthenbecomesprecedent1' #$%12  I  .3  TexasCourtSystemandCaseLaw....2  1  .3  WhattheCourtsPublish..2  A  .3  Judicialinterpretation(thecourtopinion)knownascaselawisbasedonthedoctrineofstaredecisis(letthedecisionstand!thedoctrineofprecedent.)..2  A  .3  Judicialdecisionsbasedonpreviouscourtopinionsprovideconsistcourtdecisions...2  A  .3  Ifacaseendedatthetriallevelorwassettledoutofcourtitwillnotbeconsideredprecedent...2  A  .3  Onlyappellateopinionscanbeprecedent...2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO," ) ,2  I  .3  AppellateCourts( -.(2  I  .3  The3rdlevelofcourtsinTexas..2  A  .3    @ O, \AZ"Arial RegularO @TheTexasSupremeCourt O, \AZ"Arial RegularO....2  1  .3  FinalstateappellatejurisdictionforCIVILcasesandjuvenilecases....2  1  .3  Certifiedquestionsfromthe5thCircuit....2  1  .3  Authorsrulesofcivilprocedure,evidenceandattorneyconduct2( *+,22  I  .3  TexasSupremeCourt....2  1  .3  HighestStateCIVILAppellateCourt..2  A  .3  1courtwith9judgescalledjustices..2  A  .3  ԀLocatedinAustinintheSupremeCourtBuilding..2  A  .3  LookforerrorsintherecordmadebythetrialcourtanderrorsinlegalreasoningmadebythegeographicCourtsofAppeals..2  A  .3  Briefsaresubmittedandoralargumentcanbeheard..2  A  .3  JudicialOpinionsareissuedO, \AZ"Arial RegularO @( (2  I  .3  The3rdlevelsofcourtsinTexas..2  A  .3  TheCourtofCriminalAppeals ....2  1  .3  I2r9AArial BoldI@@@ @FinalstateappellatecourtforCRIMINALcases....2  1  .3  Directappealswhenthedeathpenaltyasbeenassessedbypassingtheintermediatecourtsofappeal....2  1  .3  HabeasCorpus....2  1  .3  I2r9AArial BoldI@@@Authorsrulesofcriminalprocedureandevidence-# /01-2  I  .3  CourtofCriminalAppeals....2  1  .3  HighestStateCRIMINALAppellateCourt..2  A  .3  1courtwith9judges..2  A  .3  LocatedinAustinintheSupremeCourtBuilding..2  A  .3  LookforerrorsintherecordmadebythetrialcourtanderrorsinlegalreasoningmadebythegeographicCourtsofAppeal..2  A  .3  Briefsaresubmittedandoralargumentcanbeheard..2  A  .3  JudicialOpinionsareissued( 23(2  I  .3  Wheretofind̀AppellateCourtOpinions..2  A  .3  TheCourts..2  A  .3  AdvanceSheets..2  A  .3  SouthwesternReporter1st,2nd,&3rdseries..2  A  .3  WESTLAW,LEXIS,LOISLAW(databases)..2  A  .3  WebSitesmaintainedbytheCourts..2  A  .3  TexasCourtsOnline:..2  A  .3  www.courts.state.tx.us..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  2( 9:822  I  .3  ԀTexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  SlipOpinions..2  A  .3  Individualcourtopinionspublishedshortlyafterbeingreleasedbythecourtforpublication..2  A  .3  Courtopinionsinthisformatarepublishedwithouteditorialcomment2( 7<;22  I  .3  ԀTexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  AdvanceSheets..2  A  .3  CourtOpinionscollectedandpublishedinapamphletformat..2  A  .3  TexasadvancedsheetsarepublishedasapartoftheRegionalReporterSystempublishedbyWestGroup..2  A  .3  Advancedsheetinformationincludes headnotesoreditorialcommentsandaCITATION..2  A  .3  AdvanceSheetpamphletsarepublishedinthinpaper&arediscardedwhentheboundreportervolumeisreceived-#=?>-2  I  .3  TexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  ԀTheReporter:TheBoundVolume..2  A  .3  CaseLaworAppellateCourtOpinionsarefoundinCaseReportsalsoknownasReporters...2  A  .3  Thecasesarelistedinchronologicalorder(asreceivedbythepublisher.)..2  A  .3  Thecasesaregivenacitation,editorialcommentsor headnotes,andasummaryofthecase-#@AB-2  I  .3  FindingTexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  TheReporter:TheBoundVolume..2  A  .3  Texascaselaworappellatecourtopinionsaregenerallyfoundin:..2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldIxxx @TexasReports(1846-1963)..2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldIxxxSouthwesternReporter1st,2nd,and3rdseries(1886topresent)publishedbyWestGroupandcontainscasesfromTexas,Tennessee,Missouri,Kentucky,andArkansas...2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldIxxxTexasCases,SouthwesternReporter1st,2nd,and3rdseries(1886topresent)publishedbyWestGroupandcontainsonlyTexascasesI2r9AArial BoldI-#GHF-2  I  .3  FindingCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  RulesoftheRoad..2  A  .3  Asystemof citationrulesexisttobesurepartiesareallreferringthesamedocument...2  A  .3  ԀTheserulesalsoletaresearcherlearnthesubsequenthistoryorfateofacase.( CD(2  I  .3  ԀFindingCourtOpinions..2  A  .3  Citation....2  1  .3  Cite=Site....2  1  .3  Locatingdevice..2  A  .3  3basicpartstoacasecitation....2  1  .3  Volume,Book,andPagè87S.W.2d316Thispartofthecitationissimilartoacallnumber-tellswheretofinditontheshelf-# 456-2  I  .3  FindingCourtsOpinions....2  1  .3  UnderstandingthePartsofaCitation..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularO @AnotherpartoftheCitationisthe..2  A  .3  ԀCaseNameor Style ..2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldI@@@ @Casenameorstyleidentifiestheparties.Twoormorenamesseparatedbya v.whichmeans versus...2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldI@@@Inappellatelandthename(s)leftofthe vwillbetheappellanttheonewhoappealed.Thosetotherightofthe vwillbetheappelleeO, \AZ"Arial RegularO...2  A  .3  I2r9AArial BoldIrrr @CityofCanadianv.Guthrie..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularOxxx1'  12  I  .3  FindingCourtsOpinions....2  1  .3  UnderstandingthepartsofaCitation..2  A  .3  CaseNameorstyle..2  A  .3  Volume,book,&page..2  A  .3  CourtofOrigin..2  A  .3  Date(year)..2  A  .3  Writhistory(   E(2  I  .3  FindingCourtsOpinions....2  1  .3  RulesofCitatioǹKeepOrderontheRoad..2  A  .3  Formoredetailsoncitationformsee:..2  A  .3  TexasRulesofForm..2  A  .3  PublishedbytheTexasLawReview..2  A  .3  KnownastheGREENBOOK -# #ZY-2  I  .3  TheCase..2  A  .3  CityofCanadianvGuthrie..2  A  .3  Volume87..2  A  .3  ԀSouthwesternReporter2dseries..2  A  .3  Page316-# ST-2  I  .3  ԀTexasCourtOpinions..2  A  .3  Headnote..2  A  .3  Theheadnotesystemisusedtoindexedthelegalprinciplesinacase...2  A  .3  Eachlegalprinciplediscussedinthecaseissummarizedinadifferentheadnote,usuallyaboutasentencelong...2  A  .3  Headnotesarenumberedandsetoutatthebeginningofthecasebeforethetext...2  A  .3  Lawyerscanglancequicklyatthemandgototheplaceinthetextthathasthecorrespondingnumberandreadwhatthecourthadtosayaboutthatlegalprinciple.-#LNM-2  I  .3  TexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  HowtoFindtheOpinionWhenyouKnowtheName..2  A  .3  O, \AZ"Arial RegularOShepardsTexasCaseNameCitator....2  1  .3  Listappellatecasesinaphabeticalorderfrom1940topresentandisupdatedmonthlyTexasDigest....2  1  .3  TableofCases&DefendantPlaintiffvolumesupdatedannually-#IJK-2  I  .3  FindingTexasCourtOpinions....2  1  .3  TexasDigest..2  A  .3  TheTexasDigestisanindexorfindingtoolthatisusedtolocatecourtopinionsbysubject.Topicsoflawaredividedintoanalphanumericsystemknownaskeynumbers...2  A  .3  TexasDigest(casespriorto1935)..2  A  .3  TexasDigest2ndseries(1935-)..2  A  .3  ( PO(2  I  .3  TexasStateCourtsInternetSites..2  A  .3  TexasJudicialServerhttp://www.courts.state.tx.us..2  A  .3  TexasSupremeCourt..2  A  .3  http://www.supreme.courts.state.tx.us..2  A  .3  ,"%hi ,2  I  .3  TexasStateCourtSystem....2  1  .3  REVIEW( VU(2  I  .3  Miscellaneous..2  A  .3  =sectionsign..2  A  .3  =morethanonesection..2  A  .3  etal.=andothers..2  A  .3  etseq.=thefirstpageorsectionandthefollowingpagesorsection(andfollowing)..2  A  .3  id.=thesameasthepreviouslycitedreference(similartoibid.)" e "2  I  .3  HarrisCountyLawLibrary,"$fg ,2  I  .3  LonestarLegalAid....2  1  .3  LegalAidOfficeforHarrisandsurroundingcounties( WX(2  I  .3  Acknowledgements..2  A  .3  TexasJudicialSystemDirectory.Annual.OfficeofCourtAdministration...2  A  .3  www.courts.state.tx.us..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  TexasLegalResearch:anessentiallawyeringskillbyLydiaM.V.Brandt.TexasLawyerPress,c.1995..2  A  .3  ..2  A  .3  CarolBakerandPaulaPerkins,2ndCourtofAppeals..2  A  .3  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H1 R8 [@dGnOwV^kp v%|*4ʐ>MORTWY[^`chjmorzsy߅92"ѐ20R/#,R/#C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +ssH9)?  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" dddddd>2  I  .3  TitleofSlide  ѐR/#+%s1s3H9 ͐4 /#9O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  Q QO, \AZ"Arial RegularO     s   @sH9 TitleofSlide+%/ -@1 w9 3w9 `ΐq//q1 6  `ϐR////q/ @1 Ƭ  `АRR//qq+13"Ӑ=/,/C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9C  \AZ"Arial Regular +H_9)?  !@-w9 w9 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ f" ddddddA2  I  .3  SubtitleofSlide  Ӑ/+%13H_9 Ґ5F/9O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  Q QO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @H_9SubtitleofSlide+%13"|L <L C \AZ"Arial Regular +C  \AZ"Arial Regular +C RR \AZ"Arial Regular +C RR \AZ"Arial Regular +C RR \AZ"Arial Regular +C RR \AZ"Arial Regular +9/!!!!!!  !@-w9 w9 4ssssssss @s @s @s @s @s @s f" ddddddX2  I  .3  FirstItem2  A  .3  Subitem2  I  .3  SecondItem2  A  .3  Subitem2  I  .3  ThirdItem2  I  .3  FourthItem  |L +1s 8U 3O, \AZ"Arial RegularORRR        @a /!!!!!!aO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @s/O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  0..FirstItemO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  ..        @sO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @06..SubitemfO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @s/O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  0..SecondItemO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  ..        @sO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @06..SubitemfO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @s/O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  0..ThirdItemfO, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @s  /O, \AZ"Arial RegularO        @  0..FourthItem+1"ݎY /Y /#?Y@4@#?Y@4@#?@?cc 9@ 3w9 w9 9@ 3w9 w9   22226ffffffֿp= ף(\?TQ `! 9@4L&  `! 9@4L&  `! 9@4L&   `! 9@fG   `! 9@4L&? ?  `! 9@4L&̌O ̌O  `! 9@4L&cV cV  `! 9@4L&W W  ! 1   ! 1    ! 1    ! 1    ! 1    ! 1   ! 1  ! 1  ! 1  ! 1  ! 1?  ! 1  ! 1  ! 1  ! 1  ! 1  4 fu! .$:'F+R._2k5w9zC ` ` , \AZ"Arial Regular +ss ?  9@-w9 w9C , \AZ"Arial Regular +  9@-w9 w9C ee, \AZ"Arial Regular +ٝٝ  1C ee, \AZ"Arial Regular +ٝٝ  1C ee, \AZ"Arial Regular +ٝٝ  1C ee, \AZ"Arial Regular +s  1C , \AZ"Arial Regular + 3& 9@-w9 w9C , \AZ"Arial Regular +  1C , \AZ"Arial Regular +  1C ee, \AZ"Arial Regular +   1  C , \AZ"Arial Regular +   1  C , \AZ"Arial Regular +   ̙ 9 @-w9 w9 C , \AZ"Arial Regular +    1  C , \AZ"Arial Regular - @   3 @   // ?Title of ChartSubtitleLegendd )@1st Qtr2nd Qtr3rd Qtr4th QtrNorth# Z2AU@South# 2(-F@East# (@West# -  ݎY /.%'/ @1  3w9 3w9 "E " {  "E "//E   "E /E i- +13  "j/j  "/  1"/  V"/) _# %E  & D)E  * ,E ) R/ !  ! !^ . 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A finding of Facts is a judicial determiniation as to the facts of a particular case. The conclusions of law is the application of the law to the facts of a particular case. Fndings of Facts and conclusions of law are often incorporated in the order, judgment, or decree. A rudimentary example of Finding of fact is A hit B The conclusion of law would be that A hitting B was an assault.It would be like giving directions by saying go right 2 blocks and then left 4 blocks. If you don't give an absolute starting point, the directions are meaningless. 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