In re Alverto (1922):
Filipinos and Naturalization
¢Citizens of the Philippine Islands or of Porto Rico, while not citizens of the United States, are not aliens, and, prior to the passage of the Act of 1906, were not capable of becoming naturalized for two reasons: First, the naturalization laws of the United States applied only to aliens; and, second, they required a renunciation of former allegiance. . . .
¢The effect of section 30 was to make applicable to citizens of the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico those provisions which had theretofore applied only to aliens. If the limitations of section 2169 apply to one provision of the naturalization laws, they must apply to all and consequently to section 30 of the Act of 1906. Section 2169 was intended to limit the application of the whole body of the naturalization laws to aliens being free white persons or of the African race. 'Free white persons' includes members of the white, or Caucasian race, as distinct from the black, red, yellow, and brown races.